What infraction occurs when a player deceives their opponent about their life total?

The infraction that occurs when a player deceives their opponent about their life total is classified as "Cheating - Fraud." This is because intentionally misleading an opponent to gain an unfair advantage directly falls into the realm of cheating, which is defined as the act of violating the rules of the game with the intention of gaining an advantage. Misrepresenting one's life total is a specific form of fraudulent behavior that can significantly impact the outcome of the game, as life totals are critical in determining winning and losing conditions in Magic: The Gathering.

Cheating through fraud involves a deliberate action meant to deceive, which is different from other infractions like stalling or major unsporting conduct, which may involve delays or general unsportsmanlike behavior but do not specifically address deceptive practices regarding key game information like life totals. Thus, identifying the infraction as "Cheating - Fraud" is accurate in reflecting the seriousness and intentionality of the act.